Percussion Robot Research project on the development of tools for musical expression nt |
<Shak> an automated pair of shakers dr.Godfried-Willem RAES 2021 |
[Nederlandse versie] |
<Shak>
An automated pair of shakers made and designed to the order of Stef Kamil Carlens. Earlier designs for automated shakers we realised, can be found in the robots <Springers>, <Hat> and <Whisper>. At first sight, automating shakers seems to call for either a motor capable of fast CW and CWW operation or a bidirectional solenoid. As we had not too good experiences with motors -too slugish and if fast, way too noisy- we looked into bidirectional solenoids as used for the maracas in our <Springers> robot. Unfortunately though, the factory where we bought these parts -August Laukhuff Gmbh- went out of business in the summer of 2021. Apparently their activity has been taken over by Heuss Gmbh, but our attempts to order comparable parts from them failed. We didn't get any response on our requests... As an alternative, we realized a bidirectional mechanism by using two unidirectional solenoids. The Tremba type ZMF3865d looked like a viable component. This solenoid, distributed by Conrad, is specified to operate at 24 V with 100% duty cycle. It then consumes a power of 11 W. So, calculated resistance should be 52.4 Ohm. If duty cycle is limited to 5%, after the data sheet, we can dissipate up to 220 W. Calculated voltage from these values gives 107 V. The required trajectory for the anchors, in our application, is 20 mm. The force delivered by the solenoids, with 107 V applied, is then 30 N. The optimum trajectory for this type of solenoid is 15 mm, whereby they deliver a force of 40N. The circuit used for precise velocity control was dimensioned and calculated like this: These considerations lead to a power supply dimensioned like this:The +24V/32V power supply is used for the holding force, whereas the negative supply is used for the pulses only. Required current is quite high, but only needed for very short time intervals. Hence the application of pretty large capacitors.
The circuit for steering the four solenoids resembles the one designed for the valve control used for our robotic brass instruments, but obviously the firmware turned out to be completely different. The processor ports RA4, RC0, RC2 and RC5 are used to switch the 24V hold voltage on. On the ports RA5, RC1, RC3 and RC4 the high voltage pulses are generated to steer shaker attacks with high precision. A high pulse on these outputs, switches the corresponding solenoid on between the 24/32 V and the -100 V power supply lines. Thus the voltage over the solenoid is effectively >=110 V.
Mechanically, we performed a lot of expertiments to find out what kind of mechanism works -and sounds- best, also taking into account side noises originating from different sources of faults and imprecisions plaguing just about any mechanic construction.
Note 60: Shaker1 forward, velocity byte steers the attack force
Note 61: Shaker1 backwards, velocity byte steers the attack force
Note 62: Shaker 2 forward, velocity byte steers the attack force
Note 63: Shaker 2 backwards, velocity byte steers the attack force
Note 72: Shaker 1, toggling over and back, velocity byte steers the attack force
Note 74: Shaker 2, toggling over and back, velocity byte steers the attack force
Notes 120, 121, 122: lights [not yet mounted]
Controllers:
Controller #60: Hold time for shaker 1 forwards
Controller #61: Hold time for shaker 1 backwards
Controller #62: Hold time for shaker 2 forwards
Controller #63: Hold time for shaker 2 backwards
Controller #66: Power on/off., Power ON resets all controllers.
Controller #69: light automation on or off.
Controller #123: All notes off, reset.
Still subject to changes.
Technical specifications:
Design and construction: dr.Godfried-Willem Raes
Collaborators on the construction of this robot:
Music composed for <Shak>:
Stef Kamil Carlens in the making.
Pictures taken during the construction in our workshop:
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<Shak>
Dit automatiseringsprojekt ging van start op vraag van Stef Kamil Carlens. Het maakt dan ook geen deel uit van ons grote projekt rond de bouw en ontwikkeling van het robotorkest. Shakers zijn voor gebruikers van het robotorkest beschikbaar, onder meer als deel van de <Springers> robot. Een gemotoriseerde shaker is ook beschikbaar als onderdeel van de <Rumo> robot.
Bouwdagboek - Construction & Research Diary:
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Last update: 2023-10-31 by Godfried-Willem Raes
The following information is not intended for the general public nor for composers wanting to make use of the <Shak> robot, but is essential for maintenance and servicing of the robot by our clients and collaborators. It also might be usefull for people that want to undertake similar projects.
Technical drawings, specs and data sheets:
Power supplies:
Wiring & circuit details midihub board:
Circuit details solenoid driver board:
Here is a picture of the assembled board: (the 5V relay is not yet mounted on the picture). And, this is the solder side:
Solenoids: Tremba Gmbh, Zylinderhubmagnet, ZMF-3865d-15.002-24VDC. Datasheet.
Cost calculation:
1. Materials and components
tubular solenoids: | 4 ZMF-3865, 24V DC - 100% - double threaded |
116,00-
|
464,00-
|
PCB Hub & P/H board: | 1 |
250,00-
|
250,00-
|
Power supply | 24V |
100,-
|
100,00-
|
Power supply | 100V (toroidal, Kemet elco 12mF - 200V) |
250,-
|
250,00-
|
Chassis | stainless steel |
200,-
|
200,00-
|
Draadstang, M10, inox |
8,00-
|
8,00-
|
|
Verbindingsmoeren M10 inox | 2 |
5,10-
|
10,20-
|
M10 inox moeren | 6 |
0,21-
|
1,26-
|
M10 inox eindmoeren | 2 |
3,50-
|
7,00-
|
M4 studs and dampers | 8 |
4,20-
|
33,60-
|
M3.5 x 8 boutjes en moeren, inox | 25 |
8,00
|
8,00-
|
Teflon | 1 |
2,50-
|
2,50-
|
M12 inox bouten en moeren | 2 |
4,00-
|
8,00-
|
M5 X 80 cylinder bouten | 4 |
3,30-
|
13,20-
|
M5 x 16 cyclinder bouten | 2 |
0,90-
|
1,80-
|
M4 x 16 cyclinder bouten | 4 |
0,60-
|
2,40-
|
M3 x 30 bouten + 10 mm afstandsbussen | 4 |
1,80-
|
7,20-
|
M12 sterknoppen | 2 |
5,40-
|
10,80-
|
Material cost estimate |
1.377,96-
|
2. Consumables
Cobalt drill bits | 1 |
20.00
|
TIG welding materials | Argon gas and Tungsten/Thorium electrodes |
10.00
|
Cutting disks | 2 (A60 T-BF41 125 x 1.0 x 22.2) |
8.00
|
Flap disc, 160mm | 1 |
12.00
|
Sanding disks and paper | 1 |
4.00
|
TIG welding nozzle, nr.5 | 1 |
12.00
|
Cutting oil (spray can) | 1 |
1.00
|
Solder Pb/Sn 40/60 & leadfree | 5 m |
5.00
|
Aceton | 0.5 l |
4.00
|
Etching baths | Fe2Cl3 1 liter |
5.00
|
Methanol | 0.25 l |
2.00
|
NaOH sollution | 0.5 l |
1.00
|
Subtotal: |
84,00-
|
3. Depreciations on tools and equipment used (calculated over 1 month)
Tool | Value | Depreciation percentage / month | |
Tektronix TDS2024C | 3500 | 2.77% |
97.00
|
TIG welding equipment | 2000 | 2.77% |
55.00
|
Contimex Lathe | 2500 | 2.77% |
69.50
|
Cobalt saw | 2800 | 2.77% |
77.50
|
Soldering equipment | 1000 | 2.77% |
27.50
|
Proton+ Laptop & ICD | 1800 | 2.77% |
25.00
|
Lab power supply | 380 | 2.77% |
5.00
|
Odin column drill | 6000 | 0.92% |
27.50
|
Welding table | 2500 | 0.92% |
11.50
|
Subtotal: |
395.50
|
4. Labor and design (45,-/hour)
06.10.2021 | 2 h |
90.00
|
18.10.2021 | 2 h |
90.00
|
19.10.2021 | 8 h |
360.00
|
20.10.2021 | 4 h |
180.00
|
23.10.2021 | 4 h |
180.00
|
24.10.2021 | 6 h |
270.00
|
26.10.2021 | 6 h |
270.00
|
27.10.2021 | 8 h |
360.00
|
29.10.2021 | 2 h |
90.00
|
01.11.2021 | 9 h |
405.00
|
02.11.2021 | 2 h |
90.00
|
03.11.2021 | 3 h |
135.00
|
05.11.2021 | 3 h |
135.00
|
06.11.2021 | 8 h |
360.00
|
07.11.2021 | 12 h |
540.00
|
08.11.2021 | 2 h |
90.00
|
Subtotal: |
3645,00-
|
Total estimated cost: 5.800,-
References:
Raes, Godfried-Willem, "Expression
control in musical automates", 1977/2022
Raes, Godfried-Willem, "Logos @ 50, het kloppend hart van de avant-garde
muziek in Vlaanderen", 2018